Mast Cell Tumours in Cats: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Mast Cell Tumors (MCTs) in cats can be a concerning diagnosis for pet owners. Understanding the nature of these tumors, their symptoms, and treatment options is essential for ensuring the best possible outcome for your feline friend.
What is a Mast Cell?
Mast cells are a type of white blood cell found in various tissues of the body. They play a crucial role in the allergic response by releasing compounds such as histamine when exposed to allergens.
What is a Mast Cell Tumor?
A Mast Cell Tumor (MCT) is a type of tumor consisting of mast cells. These tumors can develop nodules or masses in the skin or other organs, including the spleen and intestine. They are among the most common tumors found in these areas in cats.
Causes of Mast Cell Tumors: The exact cause of MCTs in cats is not fully understood. While some environmental and genetic factors may play a role, certain genetic mutations, particularly in the KIT protein, have been associated with the development of these tumors in cats.
Clinical Signs
MCTs affecting the skin typically appear as firm plaques or nodules, often on the head or neck regions. Itching and inflammation may occur due to the release of substances by the tumors. In cases of splenic MCT, signs such as weight loss, vomiting, and loss of appetite may be observed, while intestinal MCT can cause gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, and blood in the stool.
Diagnosis
Diagnosing MCTs often involves fine-needle aspiration (FNA), where a sample of cells is obtained from the tumor and examined under a microscope. Tissue biopsy may also be performed to determine the aggressiveness of the tumor and guide treatment decisions.
Progression
MCTs in cats can manifest in three distinct forms: cutaneous, splenic/visceral, and intestinal. The behavior and prognosis of the tumor may vary depending on its location and the extent of spread to other organs.
Treatment
Surgical removal of the tumor is typically the primary treatment for MCTs whenever feasible. Chemotherapy or radiation therapy may be recommended in cases where complete removal is not possible or if the tumor is aggressive.
Post-Treatment Care
After surgery, it's essential to prevent your cat from irritating the surgical site to reduce the risk of infection and promote healing. Your veterinarian may prescribe medications to manage symptoms such as nausea and acid production in the stomach.
Mast Cell Tumors in cats present unique challenges, but with early detection and appropriate treatment, many cats can enjoy a good quality of life. If you're concerned about a lump or abnormal behavior in your cat, don't hesitate to seek veterinary advice. By working closely with your veterinarian, you can develop a treatment plan tailored to your cat's specific needs and improve their chances of a successful outcome.
If you're worried about a lump or unusual symptoms in your cat, don't wait. Book an online consultation with one of our veterinarians for expert advice and guidance. We can help you understand your options and provide support every step of the way.